E-commerce technology adoption framework by New Zealand small to medium size enterprises

This paper attempts to highlight a framework for the adoption of electronic commerce (EC) technologies in New Zealand with specific interest in the small to medium-size enterprise (SME) sector of the economy. The main thrust of the research was to develop the framework for EC adoption by the New Zealand SMEs and hence study the accelerators and impediments to the adoption and diffusion of EC technologies. The paper shows how IS/IT adoption and diffusion theories and practicalities can be explored for developing the proposed EC adoption framework. It is argued that results from research case studies based on the framework are able to identify the factors influencing and leading to the adoption of e-commerce technologies by the New Zealand SMEs

Performance of voice over frame relay

Frame Relay (FR) represents one of the most important paradigm shifts in modern telecommunication. This technology is beginning to evolve from data only application to broad spectrum of multimedia users and potential to provide end users with cost effective transport of voice traffic for intra office communication. In this project the recent development in voice communication over Frame relay is investigated. Computer ssimulations were carried out using the powerful simulation software OPNET. Performance measures such as delays, jitter, and throughput are reported. It is evident from the results that real-time voice or video across a frame relay network providing acceptable performance is possible

Performance of voice and video conferencing over ATM and gigabit ethernet backbone networks

Gigabit Ethernet and ATM network technologies have been modeled as campus network backbones for the simulation-based comparison of their performance. Real-time voice and video conferencing traffic is used to compare the performance of both backbone technologies in terms of response times and packet end-to-end delays. Simulation results show that Gigabit Ethernet has been able to perform the same and in some cases better than ATM as a backbone network for video and voice conferencing providing network designers with a cheaper solution to meet the growing needs of bandwidth-hungry applications in a campus environment

Role of Quality Management in Pharmaceutical Development: Evidence from Islamabad and Lahore

The aim of this paper is to investigate the employee’s perceptions of the impact, of Total Quality Management (TQM), on their roles within the organization and how they perceived the effectiveness of the quality processes in Pakistan Pharmaceutical industry. The universe of this study was the employees of Pharmaceutical industry in Islamabad and Lahore. For this purpose survey method was used by using questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The results have shown that Employee Training and Development, Employee Performance, Quality Process and Team Work are significant factors with the Total Quality Management and correlated with each others. The result shows the application of TQM principles addresses some of the key challenges facing the organization. The study was faced by certain limitations and included time constraints and resources constraints which limited this research to only Islamabad and Lahore offices, of the Pharmaceutical companies. The present study found support that pharmaceutical companies faced the same difficulties with TQM implementations as experienced in other industries. These include achieving a culture of continuous improvement, overcoming a lack of trust and understanding the TQM process itself, and what they were, as a company, trying to achieve. These problems are not new and many companies have difficulties in implementing TQM. Pharmaceutical companies also followed the path of achieving a quality certification; namely, ISO 9000 accreditation, in the pursuit of excellence.Quality Management; pharmaceutical Development; Pakistan; Employee’s Perceptions

Power Emission Enhancement of Light Emitting Diode by Using InN based Quantum Dot

AbstractThis paper highlights the enhancement of emitted power from light emitting diodes using InN based quantum dot in the active layer of the device structure. We have developed mathematical models and analyzed numerically the temperature dependence of the degradation rate of the device lifetime, the effect of light transmission factor and the operating time on the power emitted from the light emitting diodes. The results obtained by using InN based quantum dot in the active layer of the device have been compared with those obtained by using InP based quantum dot in the active layer of the device. The comparison results reveal that the degradation rate of the device has been reduced and the power emission has been enhanced significantly by using InN based quantum dot in the active layer of the device. It can be then concluded that InN based quantun dot will bring a revolusionary changes in the performance improvement of LEDs in the near future

Impact of Versatile Multi-crop Planter on service providers’ livelihood in some selected areas of Bangladesh

The cropping intensity of Bangladesh is increasing year after year because most small holders start growing three or more crops in a year. Over a 5-year cycle due to changing profitability of crops, farmers cultivate 4-6 crops with diverse seed sizes, seed rate, row spacing, fertilizer rates, and seed depth. Hence a planter for such diverse cropping systems needs to have multi-functional capabilities. Service providers also need to be able to hire out their planter for business all year round to justify the investment cost. There are a number of other criteria and challenges that would need to be satisfied by potential purchasers of a planter. The VMP (Versatile Multi-crop Planter) is such a unique machine for two-wheel tractor which can meet the above criteria and successfully establish a diverse range of crops since 2008 (Haque et al., 2011). It has designed with capability for seeding and fertilizing with fluted roller or vertical plate meters in lines for single-pass shallow-tillage, strip planting, zero tillage and bed planting. The service providers remove seeding unit from VMP and convert only for high speed rotary tiller (HSRT). Most of the grain seeds like wheat, paddy, maize, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. can be sown in line using VMP. It owners are using this device for their own land cultivation and earning cash income through custom hiring to other farmers and could improve their livelihood through this machine. Therefore, an attempt was made to assess the profitability of VMP operations at farm level and the impacts of its operations on service providers’ livelihood

Study on the effect of feeding different levels of energy in compound Pellet on performance of growing black Bengal Goat

Three different complete compound pellets containing different levels of energy, viz. SE (standard energy, ME content 10.28MJ/kg DM as per NRC, 1981), LE (low energy, ME content 9.25MJ/kg DM) 10% less ME and HE (high energy, ME content 11.30MJ/kg DM) 10% high ME than SE respectively, were prepared and fed to three groups of growing Black Bengal goats for evaluating feeding value. Completely randomized design was followed in the experiment. The effect of different levels of energy containing pellet on performance of goat was varied. Both dietary group SE and HE showed higher (p<0.01) weight gain, total CPI, total MEI, and better (p<0.05) FCR and PCR than dietary group LE and only dietary group HE showed higher (p<0.05) total DMI, MEI 100kg-1 LW d-1 and MEI kg-1W0.75 d-1 than LE and DMI kg-1W0.75 d-1 than SE and LE. Higher (p<0.01) digestibility of DM, OM, ADF, NDF and (p<0.05) CP and CF was observed in SE and HE and digestibility of NFE in HE was higher (p<0.01) than SE and LE. On the other hand, higher (p<0.05) digestibility of EE was observed in SE and LE. Digestible crude protein, TDN and D value were higher (p<0.01) in SE and HE. Digestible EE was highest (p<0.01) in LE and lowest in HE but digestible NFE was highest (p<0.01) in HE and lowest in LE. Higher (p0.05) nitrogen retention was observed in SE and HE. Meat yield, selling price of meat, and total price was highest in HE and both SE and HE showed higher (p<0.01) value of the parameters than LE. Total rearing cost was highest (p<0.01) in HE and lowest in LE. Higher (p<0.05) net profit was obtained from SE and HE than LE. There was a positive correlation between increase of energy in dietary pellet and performance. It can be concluded that high energy containing pellet may be used for commercial Black Bengal goat production in stall feeding

Histopathological studies of EUS affected shing, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) from a fish farm of Mymensingh, Bangladesh

An investigation was carried out to observe histopathological changes in liver and kidney of suspected epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS)-affected shing fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) collected from the "Agro-3 fish farm" situated at Boilor, Trishal, Mymensingh. Focal necrosis, haemorrhages and atrophy of the sinusoidal region were observed in the liver tissue. Fungal granulomas were found both in liver and kidney. In some cases fatty depositions were observed in all over the hepatic tissue. Degeneration and necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells were also occurred. Missing of glomerulus and necrosis surrounding the Bowman's capsule in the kidney tissue were found

Feeding metabolism in an Indian major carp (Catla catla Lin.) fed on different protein diets

Feeding metabolism in an Indian major carp, Catla catla fingerlings of 10.8+0.56g was investigated in a flow-through water recirculating system. The metabolic energy loss in resting metabolism and feeding metabolism were determined by the indirect method of oxygen consumption followed by multiplication by suitable oxycalorific coefficient. This was done in four metabolic chambers of a respirometer system. Ten fish fingerlings of mean total weight of 109.5, 110.4 and 112.8g/chambers respectively each in two experimental runs of three treatments a, b and c were used. The mean resting metabolic rate during unfed condition showed no significant variation in different treatments. The fish in three treatments a, b and c fed on diets containing 28, 33 and 38% crude protein had significantly different (p<0.05) post-fed SDA magnitude of 497.7, 638.7 and 735.5 mgO2/chamber/day having an equivalent energy loss of 12.68, 14.68 and 15.86 KJ respectively. The SDA co-efficient in three treatments a, b and c were 14.95, 19.00 and 22.36% respectively whereas, respiratory energy - 'R' as % of mean total ingested energy in three treatments were 26.93, 31.17 and 34.74% respectively showing a significant increase (p<0.05) with increase of protein. Feeding metabolism in an Indian major carp (Catla catla Lin.) fed on different protein diets